Quantum Communications: The Future of Subsea Technology
Dr Tim Gallaudet, Rear Admiral, U.S. Navy (ret) and CEO of Ocean STL Consulting, recently discussed the significance of quantum communications in the realm of subsea technology on Marine Technology TV. While he acknowledges that widespread adoption may not occur until the next decade due to the technology’s early stages of development, Gallaudet believes that quantum communications will play a crucial role in securing sensitive data transmitted across subsea cables.
In traditional data transmission methods, sensitive information is encrypted and sent over fiber optic cables alongside digital “keys” needed for encryption and decryption. However, these conventional systems are vulnerable to hacking, as hackers can intercept the data without leaving a trace.
Quantum communication, on the other hand, leverages the principles of quantum physics to ensure data security. If a hacker attempts to observe the data during transit, the quantum state of the photons collapses, leaving evidence of a potential breach.
A recent breakthrough in quantum communication was achieved by the German Aerospace Center and Ulm University, who successfully demonstrated the tap-proof transmission of data using Quantum Key Distribution. This technology involves the secure transfer of encryption and decryption keys through quantum physical states of individual photons, making it nearly impossible for eavesdroppers to intercept the data without detection.
Furthermore, researchers at Northwestern University showcased the potential for quantum “teleportation” over existing fiber optic cables carrying traditional Internet traffic. This innovation opens up new possibilities for combining quantum communication with established Internet infrastructure, paving the way for faster and more secure data transmission over long distances.
As quantum and classical communications coexist within the same fiber optic networks, ensuring the security of subsea cables becomes a critical concern. Gallaudet highlighted the importance of safeguarding these vital infrastructures, especially in light of recent incidents of cable damage in the Baltic and Taiwan regions, which underscore the essential role that subsea cables play in supporting our economy and national defense.
With advancements in domain awareness and ongoing efforts to enhance subsea cable security, the integration of quantum communications into subsea technology represents a significant step towards a more secure and efficient data transmission network, safeguarding critical information for years to come.